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Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Psychotria

‘ōpiko, kōpiko ‘ula

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees up to 12 m tall.

Stems: Branches grayish, reddish, or yellowish brown.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic, obovate to orbicular, 2.5–20.5 cm long, 2–9 cm wide. Apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes with a short abrupt point. Base acuminate, acute, obtuse, or nearly truncate. Lower surfaces usually glabrous; Blades chartaceous to coriaceous, ± with domatia in vein axils. Margins entire. Lateral veins 5–13 pairs. Petioles 0.5–4.7 cm long. Stipules broadly ovate to obovate, up to 8 mm long, usually glabrous but with a flattened patch of bristle-like hairs in the axil.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences with verticillate branching, the branches usually verticillately branched again, and the secondary branches again branched, the ultimate branches terminated by a 3–flowered cymule, peduncles 1–7.5 cm long, terminal flower of each cymule sessile, lateral ones often on short pedicels, inflorescence axes reddish, yellowish brown, or whitish pubescent, sometimes densely so, or glabrous. Flowers insect-pollinated, functionally unisexual, usually heterostylous, 4–5-merous. Calyx 4-6-lobed, 2–3 mm long, somewhat dilated toward apex, glabrous or pubescent, truncate or with very small obtuse lobes. Corolla white, 4-6-lobed, tube 1–2 mm long at anthesis, slightly or not dilated toward apex, throat glabrous or occasionally pubescent, the lobes usually thick, ovate, 1.6–3 mm long at anthesis, reflexed; nectary disk present at apex of ovary. Stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes; filaments of staminate flowers ca. 1 mm long, usually inserted on the corolla tube or throat; anthers attached at base, exserted at anthesis in functionally staminate flowers, oblong–ovate, ca. 1 mm long, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, occasionally partly so, or very rarely superior, 2–celled, placentation basal; ovules 1 per cell, erect, anatropous,1.2–2 mm long; style as many as carpels, 1.5–2.2 mm long, terminal, slender; stigmas 2, lobed or capitate, divaricate, up to 1.5 mm long, glabrous or pubescent, divergent in functionally pistillate flowers, appressed in functionally staminat flowers, dry or occasionally wet.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; orange; ovoid or obpyriform; glabrous or pubescent; 6–8(–10) mm long; including the collar-like persistent calyx at apex and the persistent disk; disk ± protruding from calyx; pyrenes hemispherical in cross section; endocarp usually thick and hard. Seeds 1 per pyrene; usually conforming to the form of the pyrene; seed coat thin; with T-shaped invaginations on the ventral surface; endosperm otherwise not ruminate; carnose; the embryo small with flat; thin cotyledons; seeds with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest; sometimes in dry to mesic forest.

Elevation Range: (50–)150–1,590 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1165 (Mo, M, H)

Sohmer, S. H. (1977). Psychotria L.(Rubiaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands.

Serrano, J. K. (2018). Genetic Relationships and Ancestral Character State Reconstructions of Psychotria L. Sect. Straussia (A. Gray) Fosberg (Rubiaceae) (Doctoral dissertation).

Kho, T. L. (2019). Examining genetic and ecological differentiation of an endemic plant species found across the Hawaiian archipelago, Psychotria mariniana.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Puna district, Nanawale Forest Reserve The plant was growing in dense shade in an area where the predominant species is Metrosideros collina. Preserved_Specimen The plant was approximately 20 ft. tall. Yoshida, L. 79.001 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-12
2 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Road from Hilo to Kulani Prison Camp, 9-1/2 mi below Prison Camp common in moist Metrosideros woods, on old lava Preserved_Specimen shrub 2.5 m. tall; flowers white Fosberg, F.R. 41569 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-18
3 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis East Maui, Hana District, 2.5 km W of Hana Hwy & Waikoloa Rd in the Kawaipapa area Tropical lowland forest planted w. introduced trees. Preserved_Specimen Tree to 4m. Annable, C.R. 3245 Maui BISH 1997-01-17
4 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Drive down Kona-Hilo Highway about 4 miles past Hongo Store towards Hilo. Turn right on Fern Estates Road and drive about 1.1 miles. Plant was about 25 meters east (left side) of road. (plot 56) Closed Metrosideros - Cibotium forest community Preserved_Specimen Tree Newell, C.L. 631 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-28
5 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis forest between Waiakea & Olaa forest Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 565 Hawaii BISH 1915-05-19
6 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Southwest flank of Mauna Loa, in the ahupuaa of Manuka Vegetation: Open Metrosideros, with Lycopodium, Machaerina and Vaccinium on aa substrate Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5827 Hawaii BISH 1977-06-14
7 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Lower Nanawale Forest Reserve, upper road near Forest Reserve sign. 10 m inside forest Under partial to complete shade. Part of secondary canopy layer, in association with `Ohi`a canopy and Myrsine. On well drained `a`a. Preserved_Specimen Tree height 4m. Croft, L.K. 790001 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-02
8 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Hana Ranch lands, slopes SW of Keakaamanu Open Dicranopteris linearis-covered ridgetop with Tibouchina herbacea, Ageratina riparia, Cordyline fruticosa. Preserved_Specimen Occasional tree 10 ft tall, flowering and fruiting. Imada, C. 2002100 Maui BISH 2002-12-03
9 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District The tree was growing along the side of the dirt road under a canopy of `Ohi`a trees about 50 ft. in height. The soil is stoney being lava with a thin layer of organic material. Preserved_Specimen The tree was 10 ft. tall and the branch was removed from the lower portion of the tree. Yoshida, L. 79.056 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-07
10 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve, Site 05 OS Pubescent ohia dieback. Soil an extremely shallow & excessively drained organics over an a`a flow. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha (pubescent), Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, M. sandwicensis & Cheirodendron trigynum. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1978-05-10
11 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis just outside the S. Kona Forest Reserve at Hw. 11, near junction to Milonii [Milolii? Preserved_Specimen tree of ca. 5 m.; fruitsj orange red when ripe Kiehn, M. 90081511 Hawaii BISH 1990-08-15
12 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Waiakea; Site 20 OS Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve Closed healthy forest. Shallow well drained organic soil over pahoehoe flow. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, M. sandwicensis, Cheirodendron trigynum & Psychotria hawaiiensis. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-05-29
13 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis 2 miles S. of Pahoa, Kiahialaka in ohia woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11232 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-21
14 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Waiakea; Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, Site 12 OS Open healthy forest. Soil a shallow and well drained organic found over an a`a flow. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha (sometimes pubescent), Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, M. sandwicensis & Cheirodendron trigynum. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-06-28
15 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Olaa Forest Reserve. Field # Hawaii_42e Metrosideros-Cibotium forest. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1888 Hawaii BISH 1984-12-23
16 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Southwest flank of Mauna Loa, in the ahupuaa of Manuka Vegetation: Open Metrosideros on aa with shrubs Dianella, Metrosideros, Styphelia and Vaccinium. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6292 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-23
17 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kipahulu Valley above plantation Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1632 Maui BISH 1919-11-13
18 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Olaa; Olaa Forest Reserve, Site 08 OS Ohia-treefern dieback. Soil a deep and moderately well drained ash. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Coprosma spp., Ilex anomala, Gouldia sp.& Psychotria hawaiiensis. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
19 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kipuka near Pahoa rich jungle Preserved_Specimen fruit beautifully bright orange-yellow Degener, O. 27719 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-16
20 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Hualalai, W. slope, Honikahau, Frank Greenwell's paddocks Preserved_Specimen long-leaved form Kondo, Y. 0.333 Hawaii BISH 1946-07-26
21 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Hawaii Volcano Nat'l Pk Olaa tract - pig hunter's trail at bend in road Preserved_Specimen Small tree with odor of a skunk when tissue is damaged or cracked. Sohmer, S.H. 11786 Hawaii BISH 1981-03-28
22 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve, Site 03 OS Open healthy forest. Soil is deep, moderately well drained and sandy (probably alluvial) with a high organic content. Substrate unknown. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Ilex anomala, Gouldia sp. & Pelea clusiifolia. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-06-12
23 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kapua, S Kona Preserved_Specimen Corolla throat bearded Rock, J.F.C. 10028 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-01
24 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kapua, S Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10028 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-01
25 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis 10 [? Miles, Olaa Preserved_Specimen Fullaway, D. Hawaii BISH 1919-09-09
26 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Waiakea forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 35 ft tall. Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1955-12-01
27 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Olaa forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 20 ft Stephens, E.W. Hawaii BISH 1957-12-01
28 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Makapala mauka, Kohala Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27716 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-10
29 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Paauhau (no 3(?)) Preserved_Specimen Corolla bearded Rock, J.F.C. 4218 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-06
30 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Wailau Pali Preserved_Specimen corolla entirely glabrous Rock, J.F.C. 7050 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
31 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis North side of Stainback Highway 4 miles above junction with Highway 11 Preserved_Specimen Tree (about 20 ft., 7-1/2' DBH) with smooth, gray bark; glossy, medium green, coriaceous foliage; white flowers Herbst, D.R. 883 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-04
32 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Near Hilo, lava flow of 1881 Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 235 Hawaii BISH 1926-11-12
33 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kau District Preserved_Specimen Giffard, W.M. 365 Hawaii BISH 1928-07-01
34 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Holokaiea (sp?) Gulch, Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4216 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-09
35 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kialani (?) forest Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 447 Hawaii BISH 1922-08-08
36 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Paauhau, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8327 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
37 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Pualaia Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1744 Maui BISH 1919-12-05
38 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Puna, Kalapana Trail Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3091 Hawaii BISH 1959-08-09
39 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Olaa-Hilo, Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12860 Hawaii BISH 1917-09-01
40 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis along Kulani Rd. (Stainback Hwy.), 5.6 mi below jct. Disappointment Trail, 8.3 mi from Hwy. 11 Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5240 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-28
41 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Paauhau, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8327 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
42 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis along RR track between Waiakea & Uloa Mill Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 634 Hawaii BISH 1915-05-25
43 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kalapana trail Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 660622044 Hawaii BISH 1985-02-18
44 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kona Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition Hawaii BISH
45 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Between Maile and Pukihae St Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
46 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Hilo or Kona Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
47 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Molokai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
48 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
49 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Between Pahala and Naalehu Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 234 Hawaii BISH 1922-02-09
50 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Wailau; ridge at the west end of the beach leading up to Olokui Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3029 Molokai BISH 1989-03-09
51 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis S of Hilo Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611228038 Hawaii BISH 1961-12-28
52 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis S Kona Forest Reserve, about 4.5 mi fm Milolii on Rt 11 on mauka side of road Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6291 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-07
53 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kau District Preserved_Specimen Giffard, W.M. 363 Hawaii BISH 1928-07-01
54 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kealakekua. Pawaina-Pauahi-Papaloa Trail in Omega Ranch Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1344 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-29
55 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Hilo Woods Preserved_Specimen Tree 30 ft tall. Fruit orange(?) Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-10-05
56 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Drive up Kulani Prison road about 7.4 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway near Hilo; or up Kulani Prison Road 2.4 miles toward Kulani Prison from itnersection with Volcano Road (shortcut to Kulani Prison from HVNP) Metrosideros - Cibotium - Pritchardia forest community Preserved_Specimen Tree about 5-10 meters tall Newell, C.L. 320 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-09
57 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Lower Nanawale Forest Reserve, upper road, 40m into forest, near Forest Reserve sign In association with Metrosideros canopy and part of Mrysine - Psychotria secondary canopy. On well drained `a`a. Preserved_Specimen Tree height 3m. Croft, L.K. 790004 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-02
58 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kalawao, Waikolu, E fork of Stream wet ohia forest with native trees and shubs, treeferns Preserved_Specimen 2 m x 3 cm; 2 buds Jacobi, J.D. 1545 Molokai BISH 1979-07-15
59 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Hana, Haleakala, Oheo gulch and stream, W fork of stream Waimoku Falls with Aleurites, Psidium, Pisonia Preserved_Specimen 8' tree; leaves dark green above with yellow-green midrib and petiole, below pale green; fruit orange, fleshy with slight apricot flavor Flynn, T.W. 2429 Maui BISH 1987-10-13
60 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kukuiopae, South Kona Dist., dry lower Metrosideros woods Preserved_Specimen tree 9 m. X 2 dm.; flowers white St.John, H. 22460 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-29
61 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kalaupapa; Waikolu, ridge above forest bird station 2 alien, native Preserved_Specimen medium to large tree Wysong, M.L. 720 Molokai BISH 2005-03-24
62 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Woods south of Hilo woods Preserved_Specimen Hawaii BISH 1906-04-03
63 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Site 24 OS; Olaa, Olaa Forest Reserve Closed healthy forest; assoc. spp.: Metrosideros polymorpha, Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, Cheirodendron trigynum, Coprosma spp., Psychotria hawaiiensis & Gouldia sp. Soil a moderately deep and well drained organic/ash found over an a`a flow. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-07-09
64 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Drive up Kulani Prison Road about 7.4 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway near Hilo; or up Kulani Prison Road 2.4 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Volcano Road (shortcut to Kulani Prison from HVNP) Metrosideros - Cibotium - Pritchardia forest community Preserved_Specimen Tree Newell, C.L. 944 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-20
65 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis S Kona, nr Honomalino Aa lava flow Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-01
66 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Road from Kulani Prison Camp to Hilo, 11 miles below Prison Camp common in rather open Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 41580 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-18
67 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Near UH experimental farm. Field # Hawaii_41a Mixed Metrosideros-exotic forest. Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m ind. emergent from fern covered understory. Takeuchi, W.N. 1887 Hawaii BISH 1984-12-23
68 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kiolakaa, Kau forest Growing in disturbed Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Tree, 12 ft. tall, spread 5 ft. Flowers white, no fruit. Davis, J. 286 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-07
69 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis forest bordering Kulani Road Metrosideros forest; extensive wayside populations with many inds. fruiting Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1889 Hawaii BISH 1984-12-23
70 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Wailele stream, Olokui, Wailau wet forest Preserved_Specimen 5 m tree, flowers white St.John, H. 23269 Molokai BISH 1948-02-04
71 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kiolakaa - Keaa Homesteads Addition, Kau Forest Reserve, Kau District, on Puu Lepo Growing in open Metrosideros forest with scattered small native trees and Dicranopteris linearis. Preserved_Specimen Small tree, leaning only 5' tall. Corolla white. Cuddihy, L.W. 535 Hawaii BISH 1980-08-14
72 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kulani Honor Camp, 20 mi sw. of Hilo Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 30 ft., 8 in. diam. Little Jr., E.L. 31050 Hawaii BISH 1976-08-16
73 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Laupahoehoe section of Hilo Forest Reserve. rooted in Cibotium. Forest of metrosideros, Gouldia, Cheirodendron, Myrsine, Pisonia, Charpentiera, Ficus; also Cyrtandra spp and Cyanea sp. Preserved_Specimen Fallen tree. Flowers white. Fruit green. Davis, J. 690 Hawaii BISH 1982-02-11
74 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis N.W. end of Kahaluu Forest Res., N. Kona Dist rain forest Preserved_Specimen tree 9 m. X 3 dm.; fl. white; fr. orange, globose, 3-6 mm. diam. St.John, H. 18508 Hawaii BISH 1937-12-25
75 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Waiakea; Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, Site 16 OS Ohia wetland dieback. Soil a moderately shallow poorly drained organic/ash found on a pahoehoe flow. Many areas have water near or at the surface. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana, etc. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-05-31
76 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve, Site 38 OS Ohia-koa dieback. Soil a somewhat poorly drained ash found over an unknown substrate. Primary vegetation: Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Psidium cattleianum, Cheirodendron trigynum, Antidesma platyphyllum & Vaccinium calycinum. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-04-19
77 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kipuka Puaulu (Bird Park), Kilauea abundant; trees mostly young in open park-like woodland with lush grass, deep soil Preserved_Specimen small tree 4 m. tall; ripe fruit yellow Fosberg, F.R. 33280 Hawaii BISH 1951-02-11
78 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis 2 mi E of Pogue's moist forest on ridge from ditch trail Preserved_Specimen Bergman, H.F. Maui BISH 1927-12-26
79 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Puua-Nanawale undeveloped subdivision with relatively mature ohia forest, common Preserved_Specimen shrub to 4 m. height Takeuchi, W.N. 3469 Hawaii BISH 1987-02-08
80 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, Makapuu, Oiliowa Gulch wet exotic tree plantation with some native trees and exotic shrub Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9332 Maui BISH 1980-06-30
81 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Drive up Kulani Prison Road about 7.4 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway near Hilo; or up Kulani Prison Road 2.4 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Volcano Road (shortcut to Kulani Prison from HVNP) Metrosideros - Cibotium - Pritchardia forest community Preserved_Specimen Tree Newell, C.L. 940 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-20
82 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis southwest flank of Mauna Loa, in the ahupuaa of Manuka Vegetation: Closed Metrosideros forest on aa substrate with Cibotium, Nephrolepis, Metrosideros, Psychotria, Styphelia and Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5824 Hawaii BISH 1977-06-19
83 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Naulu Forest, Kalamomo Occasional in open forest on aa lava flow Preserved_Specimen Small tree, flowers dull white, glabrous within. Fosberg, F.R. 46035 Hawaii BISH 1965-03-19
84 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kukuau 2; Hilo Forest Reserve, Site 17 OS Ohia wetland dieback. Soil a moderately shallow and poorly drained organic/ash type found on a pahoehoe flow. Most areas have water at or near the surface. There are some well drained hummocks. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, etc. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-06-04
85 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kiolakaa, Kau Forest Growing in disturbed Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 12 ft. tall, spread 5 ft. Flowers white, no fruit. Davis, J. 286 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-07
86 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Malama Ki Agriculture Experiment Station, Puna District Collected in a closed Metrosideros - Diospyros forest near the northern border of Malama Ki Forest Reserve. Preserved_Specimen A small tree in excellent health growing on `a`a substrate. Clarke, G. 551 Hawaii BISH 1981-01-12
87 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Drive down Kona-Hilo Highway about 6.8 miles toward Hilo from Hongo Store. Park car by unpaved road with chain across entrance (Abandoned Farm Road) located at left of Kona-Hilo Highway. Walk up unpaved road about 100 meters Metrosideros - Cibotium forest community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 906 Hawaii BISH 1967-01-26
88 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Olaa forest Tree, 20 ft tall; fruit orange Preserved_Specimen Stephens, E.W. Hawaii BISH 1957-12-01
89 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kulani Prison road 15 miles mauka of Hilo forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27718 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-14
90 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis above Naaulu forest, Kealakoma Ohia forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 10-20 ft high Fagerlund, G.O. 803 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-17
91 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis East Maui, Nahiku, Kuhiwa trail, Koolau Forest Reserve moist woods Preserved_Specimen 7 m x 40 cm tree; flower white St.John, H. 17899 Maui BISH 1937-01-02
92 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Hana Ranch lands, open ridge N of Moomoonui Stream Mixed alien/native overstory of Psidium cattleianum, Ardisia elliptica, Spathodea campanulata, Metrosideros polymorpha; understory with solid Dicranopteris linearis. Preserved_Specimen Occasional small tree. Imada, C. 200267 Maui BISH 2002-11-06
93 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District Growing in moderate shade under an `Ohi`a canopy. Preserved_Specimen Approx. 15 ft. tall. Kubo, R. 3 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-07
94 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail, below aa, forest Preserved_Specimen 20' tree Stone, B.C. 2954 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-25
95 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kiolakaa-Keaa Homestead Addition, Kau Forest Reserve Growing on slope of Pu`u Lepo. Growing in closed Metrosideros forest with mixed understory. Preserved_Specimen Flowers white, fruit slighty immature, turning orange. Davis, J. 335 Hawaii BISH 1980-08-14
96 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Panaewa Forest Reserve, South Hilo Distr. adjacent to Puna Distr. boundary Uncommon. Moist forest of Melochia, Melastoma and Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen tree to 15 ft. ht. Nagata, K.M. 1647 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-27
97 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District The tree was 30 ft. from the side of the dirt road. The tree was growing under dense `Ohi`a canopy and next to collection 79.056 (656958). The soil is stoney being lava with a thin layer of organic material. Preserved_Specimen The plant was 4 meters tall. Yoshida, L. 79.057 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-07
98 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Along Kulani Rd. Fld # Hawaii_32, PRC 847 In small gully, Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen 7-8 ft tall shrub. Takeuchi, W.N. 1730 Hawaii BISH 1984-09-22
99 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Waiakea Arboretum, Waiakea Forest Preserve, 5 mi. S. of Hilo secondary forest Preserved_Specimen small tree Little Jr., E.L. 23039 Hawaii BISH 1968-06-02
100 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Waiakea Forest Reserve Metrosideros forest; a common species with numerous inds. fertile Preserved_Specimen tall shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 1890 Hawaii BISH 1984-12-23
101 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis East Maui, Kipahulu Valley, lower dogleg mesic to wet koa forest with Perrottetia sandwicensis, Broussaisia arguta, Hedyotis acuminata Preserved_Specimen flowers white, immature fruit Wagner, W.L. 5915 Maui BISH 1988-03-09
102 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kohala Mts., Puu o Umi N.A.R., Transect 20, 750 meters in forest forest: Sphagnum and Metrosideros - Cheirodendron montane wet shrubland with Vaccinium, Myrsine, Trematolobelia grandifolia, Styphelia, Sadleria, Ilex, Melicope clusiifolia, Lycopodium, Peperomia, Coprosma, Dubautia, Cibotium spp. Preserved_Specimen 3 trees with immature fruit Perlman, S. 15089 Hawaii BISH 1995-10-12
103 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis East Maui, Nahiku, Kuhiwa Trail, Koolau Forest Reserve Moist woods. Preserved_Specimen Tree 7 meters x 40 cm. Flower white. St.John, H. 17899 Maui BISH 1937-01-02
104 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Manuka mauka wooded kipuka Preserved_Specimen tree 30 ft. high St.John, H. 11334 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-26
105 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Puna Distr., Tr 42(17); SE of Mt View, NE-E of Puu Kauka; Puna Forest Reserve Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory; semi-shade. Common, much regeneration Preserved_Specimen Small tree; 4 cm Dbh; 2 m. len; 5 m. tall. In flower only; 2 flowers; flower white Jacobi, J.D. 1305 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-23
106 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Saddle Road, 17.5 miles from Hilo moist woods Preserved_Specimen tree 7 m. X 6 cm.; fl. white St.John, H. 22413 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-26
107 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis southwest flank of Mauna Loa, in a kipuka, in the ahupuaa of Kapua Vegetation: Closed Metrosideros and scattered Acacia on weathered aa. Understory consisting of Cibotium, Myoporum, Myrsine and Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6070 Hawaii BISH 1977-08-07
108 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail, below aa, forest Preserved_Specimen 20' tree Stone, B.C. 2954 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-25
109 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Puna, upper Kealakomo Transition forest, a`a lava flow, with scattered ohia, Pelea, Myrsine. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 15 ft tall. Stone, B.C. 2999 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-30
110 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kulani Rd. Field # Hawaii_38b In metrosideros forest with Cibotium understory. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall tree. Takeuchi, W.N. 1738 Hawaii BISH 1984-09-22
111 Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis Kukuiopae, South Kona Dist., dry lower Metrosideros woods Preserved_Specimen tree 9 m. X 2 dm.; flowers white St.John, H. 22460 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-29
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